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any liquid can be reduced just by heating it - but why would you want to do that, answer comes back to two of our old friends, flavor and consistency (texture)., by reducing any flavored liquid you intensify its flavor and at the same time thicken it. you can continue this process until what you have left is a syrup if it contains sugar, or a sauce if it does not., this is 1 of the most important tools in the kitchen , believe it or not, because a great sauce can rescue an indifferent meal., literally any liquid can be reduced ., a few uses, wine is frequently used in cooking , both as a marinade and as an addition to sauces for meat., there are some problems with it though, 1 of which is that you need a really good wine and quite a lot of it to produce a reasonable sauce for, say, six people., on the other hand , if you use pure grape juice and reduce it to a syrup, that syrup, added to any sauce (or gravy if you prefer) will lift it into the realms of gourmet ., more , you don tsp have to make your reduction on the night you prepare your meal. you can reduce a liter of grape juice at any time to the consistency and flavor you want; then just store it in the fridge., you can do the same thing with any fruit juice - prune is sensational - and store it until needed. just about all of them will do things for ice cream, pies or tarts that will have your guests demanding the recipe, pork with apple sauce use a carton of fresh apple juice from the supermarket and reduce it. and if you want a real sensation add in a glass of apple brandy during the reduction process., are you getting an idea of how simple this is, take any carton of fresh stock straight of the shelf and reduce it. you will transform it into something even the manufacturer won tsp recognize. but beware, you need to start out with good quality in the first place, because when you reduce a liquid you intensify all the flavors, and not just the good ones., if it s salty to start with, for example, it will be salty beyond belief by the time you ve reduced it even by half. so if you are going to use a supermarket stock, make sure it s an extremely good 1., believe me when i tell you that stock cubes should not be used for reduction sauces., thickeners, because you will be tasting as you go (won tsp you ), you may find that you get the flavor you want before the desired consistency is reached., a couple of hints right now for your sauces., sweet ones can be thickened successfully without loss of color by adding in liquid glucose early on in the reduction process. surprisingly, this will add little in the way of sweetness and produces a beautiful velvety sauce when whisked., if you get it wrong and add too much, no problem. stir in a little extra water to thin it., reduction pans, reductions need to happen rapidly in serving to preserve flavors. and the greater the surface area of the liquid the faster the water will evaporate., however you may want to whisk something into the sauce while its cooking - such as butter or olive oil for example - and for that i find a small wok is best; 1 with a handle., a wok is less likely to reduce so fast that the sauce is burnt while your back is turned. but try both methods and see which you prefer. you may even end up using something totally different., no magic to this. whatever works for you, that s what you should use, in this and everything else to do with cooking., just bear in mind that what you re after is speed and ease of use. as well as a great tasting result, of course. :>), keeping, if they should dry out , simply add a little water and heat through., sauces containing meat juices of any kind must be frozen if you re going to keep them, and should be brought to boiling point before being used again. there is no need to thaw them out to do this, in fact it s better not to. simply drop the frozen cubes into a saucepan, melt them over a gentle heat, and then bring swiftly to the boil., why do you do this to avoid food poisoning, that s why. you are making sure that any bugs introduced into the sauce during the preparation process are killed off., worry , this will not be because of anything you have done wrong (i hope!), but because bacteria are part of our everyday lives and they exist in every kitchen, however clean., in fact your food , and especially your meat, is crawling with wildlife that you will never see. don tsp worry about them. careful handling and simple precautions will ensure that these miniature monsters can never multiply enough to harm either you or your guests.

a fair sized squash or pumpkin (the size depends on how many servings), eggs, heavy cream, gruyere , or grated cheese (will taste good with mozzarella or swiss if no ), salt , pepper, and nutmeg

mixed berries, egg yolks, superfine sugar, grand marnier (orange-flavored liqueur), grated zest of half of a lemon

philadelphia cream cheese, marshmallow creme, cantaloupe (or any fruit to your liking) or honeydews (or any fruit to your liking) or pineapple (or any fruit to your liking) or strawberries (or any fruit to your liking) or watermelon, cubed (or any fruit to your liking)

beef arm roast or 3 1/2-4 lbs chuck roast or 3 1/2-4 lbs blade roast, oil, salt, fresh coarse ground black pepper, prepared horseradish (not the cream added kind, the real-deal !!), prepared whole grain mustard (use your favorite !) or 1/4 cup spicy brown mustard (use your favorite!) or 1/4 cup dijon mustard (use your favorite!), beef broth, 2 if your roast is 4 lbs. (or more ), onion, sliced, red potatoes, unpeeled, quartered, carrots , peeled, cut into thick slices (can ease this step with baby !), butter

yellow cake mix or 1 (18 oz) package white cake mix, eggs (or as called for by your cake mix) or 3 egg whites (or as called for by your cake mix), oil (or as called for by your cake mix), water (or as called for by your cake mix), milk, evaporated skim milk, sweetened condensed milk, vanilla

tuna in water, drained, cream of mushroom soup, water or 3/4 cup milk, your choice, elbow macaroni or 8 oz shell macaroni, onion, chopped small piece, stalk celery, chopped (optional), american cheese, shredded monterey jack cheese (your favorite ) or 1 cup cheddar cheese (your favorite) or 1 cup swiss cheese (your favorite)

lemon cake mix or 1 (18 oz) package white cake mix, eggs (or as called for by your cake mix) or 3 egg whites (or as called for by your cake mix), oil (or as called for by your cake mix), water (or as called for by your cake mix), rhubarb, cut up 1/2 inch pieces, minute tapioca, sugar, strawberry jell-o gelatin dessert or 1 (3 oz) package raspberry jell-o gelatin

cake mix, your choice, eggs (or as called for by your cake mix), oil (or as called for by your cake mix), water (or as called for by your cake mix), ice cream, your choice

eggs, whites only,at room temperature, brown sugar, butter or 1/4 cup margarine, melted, shelled walnuts (or a mixture of your choice) or 1 lb shelled pecans (or a mixture of your choice) or 1 lb shelled cashews (or a mixture of your choice) or 1 lb shelled peanuts (or a mixture of your choice)

garlic clove, chopped fine, olive oil, whole italian-style tomatoes, cannellini beans , do not drain, chicken broth (your choice ) or 2 cups turkey broth (your choice) or 2 cups vegetable broth (your choice), frozen chopped spinach, salt and pepper, to taste, herbs, your choice , chopped fresh are best

cooked chicken, cut into 3/4-inch chunks (use white dark chicken meat), chunky italian tomatoes with herbs, garlic cloves, chopped, onions, chopped or 3 tbsp dried onion flakes, chili flakes (use more or less depending how hot you like it) or 3 tbsp of your favorite hot sauce (the amount is up to your taste buds), parmesan cheese, grated, cooked pasta, your choice , cooked according to the instructions on the package

zucchini, thinly sliced, tomatoes, seeded and chopped or sliced, onions, thinly sliced, salt and black pepper, butter, dry breadcrumbs

onions, sliced thin, unsalted butter, dry white wine, brown stock or 4 cups canned beef broth, dried fine herb, french bread, toasted, camembert cheese (softened )

extra virgin olive oil, zucchini , sliced lengthwise 1/4-inch thick (about 1 1/2 lbs), heavy cream, shredded mozzarella cheese, shredded fontina cheese, grated romano cheese (pregrated), plain dried breadcrumbs, unsalted butter

skinless salt cod fillet, red-skinned potatoes, whole milk, garlic cloves, peeled, grated lemon zest, fresh lemon juice, cayenne pepper, extra-virgin olive oil, plus more for the baking dish, freshly ground black pepper, freshly grated parmigiano-reggiano cheese, baguettes, cut into rounds and toasted , for serving

cake mix (2 layer size vanilla or flavor of your choice), eggs (or as called for by your cake mix), oil (or as called for by your cake mix), water (or as called for by your cake mix), jell-o pudding mix (not instant , complimentary flavor for your cake choice, i.e. chocolate with the vanilla cake, my cho), powdered sugar, milk, butter

white cake mix or 1 (18 oz) box yellow cake mix, eggs (or as called for by your cake mix) or 3 egg whites (or as called for by your cake mix), oil (or as called for by your cake mix), water (or as called for by your cake mix), sugar, rhubarb, cut in pieces and engough to cover cake, strawberry jell-o gelatin dessert