6 sandwich gratin Recipes

chickens, cold water, celery rib, quartered, carrot, quartered, onion, quartered, garlic clove, smashed, fresh thyme sprigs, salt, whole black peppercorns, unsalted butter plus additional for greasing gratin dishes, garlic clove, minced, all-purpose flour, whole milk, creme fraiche (8 oz), salt, black pepper, cayenne, gruyere, coarsely grated (6 cups), parmigiano-reggiano, finely grated with a rasp (1 1/4 cups), penne rigate or other short tubular pasta, fine fresh bread crumbs (from 14 slices firm white sandwich bread)

asparagus, trimmed and cut diagonally into 1 1/2-inch pieces, olive oil, unsalted butter, cut into bits, chopped shallots (about 2 large), firm white sandwich bread , cut into 1/4-inch pieces, pine nuts (1 1/4 oz), black pepper, grated parmigiano-reggiano (1 cup), salt, mascarpone cheese

onions, sliced, cold water, boiling water, bread, toasted, part-skim mozzarella cheese, paprika

sweet onion gratinate, sweet onions , such as vidalia or walla walla, extra-virgin olive oil, butter, bay leaves, salt, more thick slices of hearty white bread (about 3/4 lb) see note below, soft butter, freshly grated parmigiano-reggiano or grana padano (about 12 oz), best bread :a hearty home-baked or home style white bread, in sandwich loaf shape. a day old or 2 day old unsliced loaf from the bakery is perfect: cut 1/2-inch thick slices yourself. otherwise, a good quality packaged white bread is satisfactory., recommended equipment :a 12- or 14-inch skillet with a cover, for sauteing the onions, a large rimmed baking sheet such as a 12- by 18- inch half sheetcooking the onions