22 tapioca flour crust free Recipes

sliced peeled apples (sweet varieties are best), frozen apple juice concentrate, undiluted, tapioca or 1 1/2-2 tsp cornstarch or 1 tsp flour, lemon juice (optional), cinnamon or 1/2-1 tsp nutmeg or 1/2-1 tsp apple pie spice, pastry for double-crust pie

all-purpose flour, cold unsalted butter, cut into 1/2-inch cubes but left in sticks, cold vegetable shortening (preferably trans-fat-free), salt, ice water, milk, sugar, nectarines, raspberries (3/4 lb), fresh lemon juice, quick-cooking tapioca, cornstarch, salt, sugar