3 old kugel Recipes

vegetable oil, potatoes, peeled and grated, onions, peeled and grated, eggs, vegetable oil, salt, black pepper

warm water, active dry yeast (scant 1 1/2 tbsp), bread flour unbleached all-purpose flour, potato, skins on (about 1 1/2 medium potatoes), yellow onions, ground or grated (1 1/4 medium onions), stale rolls (torn or crumbs) or 2 slices old bread (torn or crumbs), bread flour or 1/2 cup unbleached all-purpose flour, salt, scant 1/2 tsp baking powder, freshly ground black pepper (to taste), vegetable oil, lightly beaten egg (about 2 extra-large eggs), shortening, for greasing pans